Amasya

Amasya, a city in northern Turkey's Black Sea region, presents a compelling fusion of striking natural scenery and millennia of human endeavor. The city rests within a narrow valley, with the Yeşilırmak (Green River) carving its path through the center, embraced by towering cliffs. This dramatic landscape is adorned with traditional Ottoman-era wooden houses, some featuring overhanging balconies, their forms reflected in the river's emerald waters.

Often called the 'City of Princes,' Amasya served as a vital training ground for young Ottoman princes, including future sultans Murad II and Selim I, who honed their governing skills here. Its narrative reaches back over 7,500 years, leaving a tangible imprint from ancient civilizations to the Ottoman Empire. Amasya has increasingly become a notable destination for both local and international travelers, drawn to its distinctive atmosphere and historical depth.

From Hittites to Ottoman Princes

Amasya's story unfolds over 7,500 years, with evidence of continuous habitation since the Bronze Age. Initially known as Hakmış during the Hittite period, the city later experienced the influence of Phrygians, Cimmerians, Lydians, Persians, and Armenians. In the 4th century BCE, Alexander the Great's forces claimed the city, and from 333–63 BCE, Amasya ascended as the capital of the Kingdom of Pontus. The most arresting reminders of this Hellenistic era are the monumental Rock Tombs of the Pontus Kings, carved directly into the cliffs overlooking the city.

Under Roman dominion, Amasya was recognized as a 'first city' and a significant administrative and cultural hub. After 700 years as part of the Byzantine Empire, Amasya was taken by the Turkmen Danishmend emirs in 1075, becoming their capital. The city then came under Seljuk control, a period during which many Islamic schools, mosques, and tombs were constructed, some of which still stand today. The Mongols also exerted influence in the 13th century, further contributing to Amasya's diverse cultural heritage.

Amasya was absorbed into the Ottoman Empire by Sultan Bayezid I in the late 14th century. During the Ottoman period, it gained particular importance as a place for the education of future sultans. Young princes were sent to Amasya to govern and acquire essential experience, earning the city its designation, 'City of Princes.' This era saw the construction of numerous Ottoman buildings, and many of the traditional wooden houses lining the Yeşilırmak River date from this time. Modern Amasya also holds historical significance as the location where Mustafa Kemal Atatürk held final planning meetings and issued the Amasya Circular in 1919, marking the beginning of the Turkish War of Independence.

Begin your exploration with the dramatic Rock Tombs of the Pontus Kings, ancient burial chambers carved into the cliffs of Mount Harşena, offering expansive city views. Directly above, explore Amasya Castle, with origins tracing back to the Hittites, providing further sweeping vistas. Wander along the Yeşilırmak River promenade to admire the Yalıboyu Houses, traditional Ottoman wooden homes with balconies extending over the water, creating a postcard-perfect riverside scene.

Delve deeper into the city's past at the Amasya Archaeology Museum, which safeguards artifacts from various civilizations, including a unique collection of 14th-century Ilkhanid mummies. Visit the Amasya Şehzadeler Museum (Museum of Princes) to learn about the Ottoman princes educated here, featuring statues of sultans and period artifacts. Other notable historical sites include the 13th-century Seljuk Burmalı Minare Mosque and the 15th-century Yıldırım Beyazıt Mosque and Complex. For a different perspective, consider a tranquil boat ride on the Yeşilırmak River.

Amasya is best experienced during late spring or early autumn, specifically May, June, September, and October. During these months, the weather is mild and agreeable, with comfortable temperatures ideal for exploring historical sites and enjoying outdoor activities. Summers (July and August) are hot and dry, with temperatures reaching around 30°C (86°F), while winters are cool and rainy. Rainfall is minimal in July and August, increasing in spring and late autumn, so an umbrella might be useful during those times.

Amasya Merzifon Airport (MZH) is the closest airport, approximately 42-45 kilometers from the city center, offering direct flights from Istanbul. Alternatively, larger airports in Samsun (about 130 km away) and Tokat (71 km away) provide more flight options, with ground transportation available to Amasya. Intercity buses are a popular and accessible way to reach Amasya from major Turkish cities like Istanbul and Ankara.

Once in Amasya, many of the city's primary attractions are within walking distance of each other. For longer distances, local minibuses (dolmuş) operate on fixed routes, and taxis are readily available. Amasya is generally more affordable than major tourist centers in Turkey, offering good value for accommodations and dining. Modest dress is recommended as Amasya is a conservative city.