Gujō Hachiman

Gujō Hachiman, a historic castle town in Gifu Prefecture, is a place where the past feels remarkably present. Known as the "City of Water" and the "Town of Dance," its identity is deeply intertwined with its pristine waterways and lively cultural traditions. The town's origins trace back to the 16th century with the construction of Gujō Hachiman Castle, which still watches over the valley from its hilltop.

Meandering through Gujō Hachiman reveals a network of canals, springs, and fountains, where clear mountain water flows freely, used by residents for daily life, from washing produce to cooling drinks. Beyond its aquatic charm, the town is also famed as the birthplace of sampuru, the realistic food replicas displayed in restaurant windows across Japan. Yet, for all its unique facets, Gujō Hachiman remains a tranquil escape, offering a glimpse into a slower, older Japan, often overlooked by larger tourist crowds.

During summer, the town transforms with the Gujō Odori, a 400-year-old dance festival that invites everyone—locals and visitors alike—to participate in its nightly celebrations, sometimes dancing until dawn. This blend of natural beauty, historical depth, and lively tradition makes Gujō Hachiman a distinctive destination.

## From Castle Stronghold to Water City Gujō Hachiman's story begins in 1559, during Japan's Warring States period, when Endō Morikazu initiated the construction of a fortification on Mount Hachiman. His son, Endō Yoshitaka, continued this work, establishing the castle town at its base, which would become Gujō Hachiman. The town's strategic location, surrounded by the Yoshida and Kodara Rivers—tributaries of the larger Nagara River—provided natural defenses and access to vital water resources.

The original castle was demolished in 1871 during the Meiji Restoration, but a significant reconstruction in wood took place in 1933, making it one of Japan's oldest wooden castle reconstructions. The town's intricate water system, a defining feature today, was largely developed after a devastating fire in 1652. The local feudal lord, Tsunetomo Endō, ordered the construction of canals for fire protection, which evolved into a comprehensive network for daily use. This commitment to water management has been passed down through generations, with townspeople cooperating to keep the canals clean and the water fresh.

During the Edo period, Gujō Hachiman flourished as a significant stopover for travelers along the Nagara River route, connecting major provinces and attracting artisans, craftsmen, and merchants. This influx contributed to the town's cultural richness, with traditions and customs from Kyoto influencing local architecture and even language. The Gujō Odori dance festival, with a history spanning over 400 years, originated as a way to unite all social classes—farmers, merchants, and samurai—fostering a strong sense of community that continues to this day. In 1985, the Sogi-sui spring was notably recognized as one of Japan's 100 Best Waters by the Ministry of the Environment, highlighting the town's enduring connection to its pristine water sources.

Begin your exploration at Gujō Hachiman Castle, set atop Mount Hachiman. A 20-minute walk from the town center, the castle offers expansive views of the town and surrounding mountains. Inside, a small museum details the castle's history. The castle grounds are particularly beautiful during autumn when maple trees ignite with color.

Descend into the town to wander the historic streets, where the clear waterways are a constant presence. Explore Igawa Komichi, a charming canal where koi carp swim freely, and locals still use the water for washing. Seek out the unique mizu fune (water basins) throughout town, demonstrating traditional water usage. The Sogi-sui Spring, recognized as one of Japan's 100 Remarkable Waters, is a historically significant spot.

For a hands-on experience, visit a food replica workshop like Sample Kobo, where you can try making your own sampuru (plastic food models). Gujō Hachiman is a major producer of these realistic displays. The Gujō Hachiman Hakurankan City Museum offers insights into the town's history and culture, including daily Gujō Odori dance lessons.

Gujō Hachiman offers distinct charms throughout the year. The most comfortable weather, with temperatures between 17°C and 21°C, occurs in April and October, making these ideal months for exploring. Summer, from mid-July to early September, is defined by the Gujō Odori Dance Festival, with dancing often continuing all night, particularly during the Obon holidays in mid-August. Autumn, especially November, brings brilliant fall foliage around the castle, celebrated during the Momiji Festival. Winter, from December to February, is cold with temperatures dropping below freezing and snowfall, offering a serene, snow-covered landscape.

Gujō Hachiman is accessible by train or highway bus from Nagoya. The highway bus is generally faster, taking around 80 minutes from Nagoya's Meitetsu Bus Center. If traveling by train, take the JR Takayama Line from Nagoya to Mino-Ota Station, then transfer to the local Nagaragawa Railway to Gujō Hachiman Station. Note that Gujō Hachiman Station is about a kilometer from the town center, but a local loop bus, the Mame Bus, runs hourly for ¥100 per ride, or a day pass for ¥200. The town center itself is compact and best explored on foot. Bicycles can also be rented from the tourist information office.

Accommodation options range from traditional ryokans (Japanese inns) to modern hotels and minshuku (bed and breakfasts). Booking well in advance is recommended, especially if planning a visit during the Gujō Odori festival. The Gujō Hachiman Kinenkan Tourist Information Centre provides maps, local information, and a gift shop.