Harrisburg

Harrisburg, the capital of Pennsylvania, rests along the Susquehanna River, a city where layers of history are visible at every turn. From its origins as a Native American crossroads, known as “Peshtank” or “where the waters stand” by the Lenape, to its pivotal role in the Civil War, Harrisburg has consistently been a place of strategic importance and cultural exchange. Today, it blends the gravitas of state government with the charm of a riverside community, offering both historical depth and modern appeal.

The city's architecture ranges from the elaborate Pennsylvania State Capitol, famously called "the handsomest building I ever saw" by President Theodore Roosevelt, to the enduring brick and stone structures of its historic market. Harrisburg is a city that invites exploration, whether you're delving into its past, enjoying its green spaces, or experiencing its local flavors. It serves as a central hub for many communities, with a diverse economy and a growing presence in technology and biotechnology.

From Ancient Trails to State Capital

Harrisburg's story begins long before European settlement, with Native Americans inhabiting the area as early as 3,000 B.C. The region served as a central crossroads for several Indigenous trails across the mid-Atlantic, a testament to its advantageous location along the Susquehanna River. In 1710, John Harris Sr., an English immigrant, established a trading post and ferry service, laying the groundwork for the future city.

The city was formally planned in 1785 by John Harris Jr., though it was briefly renamed Louisbourg in honor of the French monarch before reverting to Harrisburg in 1791. Its strategic position led to its designation as the state capital in 1812, with the first capitol building completed in 1820. This early capitol, however, was destroyed by fire in 1897, paving the way for the grand structure that stands today.

During the 19th century, Harrisburg became a significant industrial center, fueled by the Pennsylvania Canal and later the Pennsylvania Railroad. The Civil War further cemented its importance, serving as a critical assembly and supply point for Union troops, located just forty miles from the Mason-Dixon Line. Confederate forces, led by General Robert E. Lee, even targeted Harrisburg twice, though they were ultimately repelled.

A City of Enduring Institutions

The Broad Street Market, one of the oldest continuously operating farmers markets in the United States, opened in 1863 and played a vital role in feeding Civil War soldiers. It continues to be a community cornerstone, offering local produce, meats, baked goods, and prepared meals. In 1974, the market was recognized for its historical significance and placed on the National Register of Historic Places.

The Pennsylvania State Capitol, dedicated in 1906, is a masterpiece of American Renaissance architecture. Its construction cost $13 million and features opulent décor, brilliant paintings, and intricate statues. The Capitol houses all three branches of government under one roof and is adorned with 23-karat gold leafing, though the exact quantity used remains unrecorded.

Another significant historical site is the John Harris-Simon Cameron Mansion. Built around 1766 by John Harris Jr., it was later acquired in 1863 by Simon Cameron, a key advisor to Abraham Lincoln and his first Secretary of War. Cameron transformed the Georgian house into a grand Victorian mansion, adding a solarium, a grand staircase, and other impressive features. The mansion, now operated by the Historical Society of Dauphin County, offers a glimpse into the lives of these influential Pennsylvanians.

Begin your exploration at the Pennsylvania State Capitol Building, a lavish architectural marvel that President Theodore Roosevelt declared "the handsomest building I ever saw." Take a guided tour to appreciate its 23-karat gold leafing, intricate murals, and unique stained-glass windows representing Pennsylvania's early industries and arts.

Just a short distance away, delve into the past at the John Harris-Simon Cameron Mansion. This historic residence, dating back to 1766, showcases the evolution of architectural styles and the lives of its prominent owners, including Harrisburg's founder and Lincoln's Secretary of War. Guided tours reveal the mansion's detailed history and the personal touches added by its inhabitants.

For a taste of local life and culinary delights, visit the Broad Street Market, one of the oldest continuously operating farmers markets in the country. Here, you can browse stalls offering locally grown produce, meats, baked goods, and prepared foods. The market's two distinct buildings, the Stone Market house (1863) and the Brick Market house (1874-1878), each tell a part of its long history.

Immerse yourself in a pivotal period of American history at the National Civil War Museum. This Smithsonian-affiliated institution offers a comprehensive look at the Civil War from both Union and Confederate perspectives, with thousands of artifacts, exhibits, and multimedia presentations spread across two floors.

Consider a ride on the Pride of the Susquehanna Riverboat, one of the few remaining paddlewheel boats in America, for unique views of the city from the water. For art enthusiasts, the Susquehanna Art Museum (SAM) offers rotating exhibitions, ensuring there's always something new to discover.

The best time to visit Harrisburg for warm-weather activities is from mid-June to late September, when temperatures are pleasant and humidity is moderate. During this period, you can expect average highs around 85°F in July and comfortable conditions for outdoor exploration. Early fall, particularly October, also offers agreeable temperatures and the added beauty of changing foliage. The months of June to August are the busiest for tourism, which may affect accommodation prices.

Harrisburg is easily accessible by car, with major interstates like I-81 and I-83 serving the area. However, be aware that traffic congestion can be an issue, especially during morning and evening commutes, due to its status as the state capital. For public transportation within the city and surrounding areas, the Capital Area Transit (CAT) bus system offers frequent service. Harrisburg International Airport (MDT) serves the region, and various ground transportation options, including car rentals, taxis, and ride-sharing services like Uber and Lyft, are available. Downtown and Midtown Harrisburg offer metered street parking and parking garages. For general inquiries about city services, you can contact the City of Harrisburg by dialing 311 locally or 717-255-3040 from outside the area.