Kollam

Kollam, also known as Quilon, is an ancient port city on the Malabar Coast of Kerala, India. It is a place where the rhythms of backwater life blend with the energy of a historic trading hub. Situated on the banks of Ashtamudi Lake, the second-largest lake in Kerala, Kollam serves as a gateway to the region's famed backwaters.

This coastal city has been a significant maritime entrepôt for millennia, with evidence of habitation dating back to the megalithic period. Today, Kollam is recognized for its cashew processing industry, earning it the moniker 'Cashew Capital of the World,' alongside coir manufacturing and a growing tourism sector. It offers a blend of natural beauty, cultural heritage, and traditional village experiences, providing an authentic glimpse into Kerala beyond more frequented tourist spots.

A Legacy of Trade and Kingdoms

Kollam's history stretches back to antiquity, with references found in Roman and Phoenician accounts from the first century C.E. Known as Quilon, or Desinganadu, it was a flourishing port during the Pandya dynasty (c. 3rd century BC–12th century) and later became the capital of the independent Venadu or Kingdom of Quilon, founded around 825 CE. This period also marked the beginning of the Malayalam Era, or Kollavarsham, in 825 CE.

During the 13th century, Kollam was considered one of the four early entrepots in global sea trade, alongside Alexandria and Cairo in Egypt, Quanzhou in China, and Malacca in the Malaysian archipelago. Merchants from Arabia, China, and Europe frequented its port, trading in spices like pepper, cinnamon, ginger, and cardamom. The city's strategic location and natural harbor at Neendakara facilitated extensive commercial transactions with foreign powers.

Kollam also experienced colonial influences, with the Portuguese establishing a presence in 1503, followed by the Dutch in 1661, who defeated the Portuguese. The Dutch hegemony continued until they were defeated by the Travancore king Marthanda Varma in 1741. Kollam even served as the capital of the Travancore kingdom for a period. The city's past is evident in its architectural remnants, including the Thangassery Lighthouse and structures reflecting Portuguese, Dutch, and British influences.

Begin your exploration with a serene houseboat cruise on Ashtamudi Lake, an octopus-shaped water body known for its tranquil backwaters and coconut-lined shores. This journey offers glimpses of local village life and fishing traditions. For a more intimate backwater experience, visit Munroe Island, a cluster of islets where the Ashtamudi Lake and Kallada River meet. Here, you can paddle through narrow canals in a kayak or traditional country boat, observing coir weaving and local birdlife.

For a touch of mythology and adventure, head to Jatayu Earth's Centre, which features the world's largest bird sculpture, based on the Ramayana legend of Jatayu. The Thangassery Lighthouse and Beach offer expansive coastal views and a chance to see Portuguese-era buildings. Nature lovers can seek out Palaruvi Waterfalls, especially during the monsoon season, believed to possess medicinal properties. Kollam Beach, with its golden sands, is ideal for evening strolls.

Other notable sites include the Punalur Suspension Bridge, a marvel of British engineering commissioned in 1877, and the Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Police Museum, showcasing vintage radios and uniforms. For a deeper dive into local culture, explore the bustling Chinnakada market, known for traditional Kerala products, spices, and textiles.

The ideal time to visit Kollam is during the cooler months, from October to March. Temperatures during this period range from approximately 20°C to 30°C, offering pleasant weather for sightseeing, backwater cruises, and beach activities. The monsoon season, from June to September, transforms Kollam into a lush green landscape, making it appealing for nature enthusiasts, though some outdoor activities might be limited due to heavy rains. Summers, from March to June, are generally hot and humid and are often avoided by travelers.

Kollam is generally considered safe for travelers, but it's always wise to take basic precautions like securing valuables and avoiding dimly lit areas at night. Lightweight, breathable clothing made of natural fabrics is recommended due to the tropical climate. Modest attire, covering shoulders and knees, is advisable when visiting temples and religious sites.

For local travel, auto-rickshaws are convenient and affordable, while taxis and app-based cabs are available for longer journeys. Experiencing the backwaters via public ferries, private motorboats, or traditional houseboats is a quintessential Kollam experience. When it comes to food, sample local delicacies from reputable restaurants and vendors to avoid foodborne illnesses. Drinking bottled water is recommended. Malayalam is the primary language, but English is commonly spoken in areas frequented by travelers.