Savannah

Savannah, Georgia, is a city where history feels tangible, draped in Spanish moss and framed by grand oak trees. Established in 1733, it stands as Georgia's oldest city and one of America's first planned urban centers, laid out in a distinctive grid pattern with 22 of its original 24 public squares still intact. This thoughtful design creates a highly walkable city, inviting exploration of its preserved 18th and 19th-century architecture, from stately mansions to charming row houses.

The city's allure extends beyond its visual appeal, encompassing a compelling array of stories, from its pivotal role in American history to its lively cultural scene. Savannah's distinct character is further enhanced by its Southern hospitality, a flourishing culinary landscape, and an atmosphere that encourages lingering, whether on a shaded square or along the historic River Street. It's a place where every corner seems to hold a narrative, making it a captivating destination for those seeking both beauty and depth.

## From Planned Colony to 'Christmas Gift' Savannah's story begins in February 1733, when General James Oglethorpe and 120 settlers landed on a bluff overlooking the Savannah River. Oglethorpe named the 13th and final American colony 'Georgia' after King George II of England, with Savannah as its inaugural city. Notably, Oglethorpe established a peaceful relationship with the local Yamacraw Indian chief, Tomochichi, a friendship that allowed the new settlement to flourish without the warfare that plagued many early American colonies.

Oglethorpe's vision for Savannah was revolutionary for its time; he meticulously designed the city in a series of grids, incorporating wide streets and public squares that served as community gathering places and centers of commerce. Initially, the colony had strict rules, even forbidding alcohol, slavery, and lawyers for a period. However, as cotton and rice cultivation became profitable, Georgia, originally a free colony, eventually legalized slavery, and Savannah became a significant port in the transatlantic slave trade.

During the American Revolution, British forces occupied Savannah from 1778 to 1782, enduring a failed siege by French and American troops in 1779. The city's most famous historical footnote arrived during the Civil War. While Union General William T. Sherman devastated much of Atlanta during his March to the Sea, he spared Savannah. Legend holds that he was so impressed by its beauty that he offered the city to President Abraham Lincoln as a Christmas gift in December 1864, preserving much of its antebellum architecture. In the aftermath of the Civil War, Savannah's freed slaves built a flourishing community, contributing to its significance as an African-American city.

The late 19th and early 20th centuries saw Savannah's economy rebound with cotton and new industries like timber, though it later faced challenges from the boll weevil invasion and the Great Depression. In 1955, the Historic Savannah Foundation was established, playing a crucial role in preserving the city's architectural heritage and making it one of the largest National Historic Landmark Districts in the United States.

Begin your exploration at Forsyth Park, a sprawling 30-acre green space featuring a grand fountain that is one of Savannah's most photographed landmarks. From there, wander through Savannah's 22 historic squares, each with its own character and narratives. Do not miss Chippewa Square, familiar from a scene in Forrest Gump.

Walk along River Street, a lively area with worn brick, shops, and restaurants, once the center of cotton commerce. Nearby, explore Factors Walk, a historic area with unique architecture and a sense of stepping back in time. For a deeper dive into history, visit Bonaventure Cemetery, a beautiful and expansive burial ground known for its ornate monuments and serene atmosphere. Consider a visit to Wormsloe State Historic Site, where a picturesque oak-lined avenue leads to the oldest standing structure in the city. The Cathedral Basilica of Saint John the Baptist offers impressive architecture and a sense of grandeur. For art enthusiasts, the Telfair Museums (including the Jepson Center for the Arts and Telfair Academy) and the SCAD Museum of Art showcase diverse collections. Take a short drive to Tybee Island for sandy beaches, marine life, and Georgia's oldest and tallest lighthouse.

The ideal times to visit Savannah are during spring (March–May) and fall (September–November). During these seasons, temperatures are mild, ranging from the 60s to 80s in spring and cooling to comfortable levels in fall, making it perfect for walking and outdoor exploration. Spring brings blooming azaleas and a lively atmosphere, while fall offers fewer crowds and a relaxed ambiance. Summer can be hot and humid, with temperatures often exceeding 90°F, while winter is generally quiet and mild.

Savannah's Historic District is highly walkable, but trolley tours offer a convenient way to see many sights, especially for first-time visitors or during warmer months. The city also has a unique open-container law, allowing visitors to carry alcoholic beverages in plastic cups within the historic district boundaries. Public transportation options include the free Savannah Belles Ferry, which connects the riverfront, and the DOT shuttle. For a day trip, Tybee Island is a short 20-minute drive away. Consider purchasing a Savannah Tour Pass or a Telfair Museum Pass for potential savings on attractions. The Visitor Information Center at 101 E. Bay St. is a good resource for maps and planning.