Xitang

Xitang, an ancient water town in Zhejiang Province, China, offers a window into a bygone era where waterways served as the primary thoroughfares. Crisscrossed by nine rivers and linked by 104 stone bridges, the town's landscape is an engaging blend of historical architecture and calm canals. Its characteristic white walls, black-tiled roofs, and upturned eaves create a striking setting, often likened to a traditional Chinese ink painting.

Beyond its visual allure, Xitang functions as a living museum, with many residents still dwelling in venerable homes. The town invites visitors to slow their pace, explore its intricate lanes, and find a sense of tranquility away from the rush of modern city life. It is a location where the gentle lapping of water, the distant murmur of locals, and the fragrance of local delicacies compose a symphony of experiences.

While popular with local tourists, Xitang remains a place where one can still discover moments of quiet contemplation, particularly in the early mornings or late evenings. Its well-preserved Ming and Qing dynasty buildings, alongside its distinctive covered corridors and slender alleys, present a rich cultural fabric awaiting exploration.

From Ancient Borders to Commercial Hub

Xitang's origins extend to the Spring and Autumn period (770 BC–476 BC), when it held a strategic position at the border of the ancient states of Yue and Wu. Lore suggests that Wu Zixu, a renowned scholar and military general, ordered the excavation of numerous canals and a pond to facilitate water transportation, leading to Xitang sometimes being called "Xutang." This early development established the foundation for the town's elaborate water network.

During the Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD), Xitang began to cultivate a distinctive farming culture, with farmers utilizing the town for bartering and exchanging daily necessities. This activity gradually transformed Xitang into a flourishing market during the Song Dynasty (960-1279 AD). The town continued to thrive, becoming an important center for handicrafts and commerce during the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368 AD).

The Ming (1368-1644 AD) and Qing (1644-1911 AD) dynasties marked a significant period of expansion and architectural development for Xitang. Many of the well-preserved structures visible today originate from these periods, displaying exquisite artistry in wood, brick, and stone carving. The movement of Huizhou merchants eastward to Xitang during the Qing Dynasty further strengthened its commercial standing. These merchants introduced Huizhou-style buildings, characterized by layered horse-head gables, and instilled a spirit of reliability and goodwill in business practices.

In 2001, Xitang participated in the selection process for a UNESCO World Heritage Site, acknowledging its historical and cultural importance. In 2006, its traditional architecture was officially included in China's National Intangible Cultural Heritage List, a testament to its enduring value as a cultural link connecting past and present.

Xitang offers a bounty of sights that transport visitors to an earlier era. Begin with a leisurely Wupeng boat ride along the canals, providing a unique view of the town's architecture and an opportunity to hear traditional songs from the boatmen. Explore the 104 ancient stone bridges, each with its own design, connecting the town's eight sections. Notable bridges include Wolong Bridge, Wufu Bridge, Huanxiu Bridge, Yongning Bridge, and Anjing Bridge.

Stroll through the 122 ancient lanes, some remarkably slender, like the well-known Shippi Lane, which measures only 80cm at its narrowest point. These lanes link streets, waterways, and houses, revealing small shops and eateries. Do not overlook the covered corridors, nearly 1,000 meters long, offering shelter and a place to rest beside the canals. These roofed walkways are a distinctive characteristic of Xitang.

Visit historical houses and gardens such as West Garden (Xi Yuan), the largest historic private garden, recognized for its old wooden tea room and rockwork. Explore Zui Garden (Drunken Garden), a small, distinctive garden with five courtyards and intricate rockworks. For a deeper cultural exploration, consider the Button Museum, Wine Culture Museum, and Ming and Qing Dynasty Woodwork Museum. The Temple of the Seven Masters is also a significant cultural location.

The most agreeable times to visit Xitang are during spring and autumn, particularly between April and May or September and November. During these periods, the weather is pleasant, and rainfall is minimal. April is often considered ideal due to comfortable temperatures and blooming flora. While Xitang is accessible year-round, summers (June to September) can be hot and humid, with July being the warmest month. Winters (December to March) are quite cold, though occasional snow presents a unique visual. To avoid larger crowds, especially during Chinese national holidays and weekends, consider visiting on weekdays or outside of the 10:00 AM to 3:00 PM window. The town's evening activity begins around 5:30 PM, offering a different atmosphere.

Xitang is approximately 1.5 to 2 hours by bus from Shanghai, Hangzhou, or Suzhou. Direct buses are available from major bus stations in these cities. While trains offer an option to Jiashan South Railway Station, a bus or taxi transfer to Xitang is then required. It is wise to book bus tickets and accommodation in advance, particularly for weekend or holiday visits.

An entry ticket is necessary for the main scenic area, which encompasses bridges, covered corridors, and traditional architecture. Tickets can be purchased at the entrance gates or online. If staying overnight within the scenic area, re-entry generally does not require another ticket as long as you do not depart and return during ticketing hours. Wear comfortable shoes, as you will be walking extensively on stone pathways. While many shops and eateries accept digital payments, carrying some cash for smaller vendors is practical.