Dover

Dover, the capital of Delaware, offers a captivating journey through early American history, where colonial charm meets a contemporary pace. Established by William Penn in 1683, the city was meticulously laid out in 1717 around its historic public square, The Green. This central location and strategic distance from the Delaware River led to its designation as the state capital in 1777, a move aimed at protecting the government from British forces during the Revolutionary War.

Often called 'The First State,' Delaware earned its moniker right here in Dover when it became the first to ratify the U.S. Constitution. Beyond its foundational role in the nation, Dover today presents a diverse landscape of experiences, from historic sites and museums to modern attractions like the Dover Motor Speedway. It's a city that invites visitors to slow down and explore, revealing layers of stories often overlooked by those rushing to the coast.

From Penn's Vision to First State Status

Dover's origins trace back to William Penn's vision in 1683, when he ordered the establishment of a court town for the newly formed Kent County. The city's formal layout, centered around The Green, was approved by a special commission in 1717. This public square quickly became the heart of the community, hosting everything from court business to patriotic rallies. Early Dover's economy was primarily agricultural, with fertile lands supporting grain crops and livestock, and the city serving as a vital trading hub for local farmers.

The Revolutionary War brought significant change to Dover's status. In 1777, seeking a more secure and centrally located capital away from potential British attacks along the Delaware River, the state legislature moved the capital from New Castle to Dover. This decision solidified Dover's political importance, and it was here, at the Golden Fleece Tavern on The Green, that Delaware made history on December 7, 1787, by becoming the first state to ratify the U.S. Constitution.

Dover's complex history also includes its role in the struggle against slavery. Despite the presence of slaveholding plantations in Kent County, particularly around Dover, the city became a crucial stop on the Underground Railroad. A strong Quaker community in the early 19th century actively supported emancipation efforts, reflecting the deep divisions over slavery within the region. The city continued to grow and evolve, officially incorporating as the City of Dover in 1929. The establishment of Dover Air Force Base during World War II further contributed to the local economy and military presence, making it one of the world's largest military freight terminals. Today, Dover blends its colonial heritage with modern development, serving as a hub for state government, education, and various industries.

Begin your exploration at the First State Heritage Park, America's only urban park without boundaries, which connects eight historic sites in downtown Dover. Wander through The Green, the city's historic central square, surrounded by landmark buildings. Visit the Old State House, built in 1792, which served as Delaware's capitol until 1933. Just a short walk away is Legislative Hall, the current Neo-Georgian state capitol building.

Delve into the past at the John Dickinson Plantation, the preserved home of a Founding Father and 'Penman of the Revolution.' For a unique look at the origins of recorded sound, explore the Johnson Victrola Museum, dedicated to Dover native Eldridge Reeves Johnson, a pioneer in the recording industry. Aviation enthusiasts will appreciate the Air Mobility Command Museum at Dover Air Force Base, where you can explore a collection of historic military aircraft, including a retired Air Force Two. Art lovers should visit the Biggs Museum of American Art, featuring a collection of American fine and decorative arts. For a change of pace, Silver Lake Park offers a peaceful retreat with opportunities for paddling, fishing, or strolling along its 1.8-mile loop trail.

The best times to visit Dover for comfortable weather and outdoor activities are during the spring, from mid-April to mid-June, and again in the fall, from mid-August to mid-October. During these periods, temperatures are mild, and humidity is lower, making it ideal for exploring the city's historic sites and parks. Summers can be hot and humid, with July being the warmest month, while winters are generally cold.

Dover is easily accessible by car, with free two-hour on-street parking available in the downtown area from Monday to Friday. Off-street parking is also available, with options for daily, monthly, or annual permits. The city is relatively compact, making it convenient to navigate by car. For those seeking public transportation, DART provides local bus service.

When planning your trip, consider that Delaware offers tax-free shopping. For information on city services, including utility inquiries or parking permits, the City of Dover Customer Service office is a key resource. The Delaware Department of Elections can assist with voter registration questions.