Thermopolis

Thermopolis, Wyoming, is a town that truly lives up to its name, derived from the Greek for 'Hot City'. Situated in north-central Wyoming along the Bighorn River, it is known for its extraordinary natural hot springs, which are among the world's largest. These mineral-laden waters, flowing at a constant 128 degrees Fahrenheit, have drawn visitors for centuries, first Native American tribes seeking healing, and later, Western settlers and tourists.

Beyond the therapeutic waters, Thermopolis offers a captivating journey through time. From ancient petroglyphs carved into sandstone cliffs thousands of years ago to the towering skeletons of dinosaurs that once roamed this land, the area is a living museum. It is a place where the earth itself seems to tell stories, whether through the steaming vents of the Big Spring or the fossilized remains unearthed from nearby dig sites. With a friendly community and a landscape that transitions from rugged canyons to high desert plains, Thermopolis invites exploration and discovery at every turn.

From Ancient Waters to Outlaw Haunts

The history of Thermopolis is inextricably linked to its abundant hot springs, which have attracted life for millennia. Archaeological evidence, such as the Legend Rock Petroglyph Site, indicates that prehistoric ancestors of the Shoshone and Arapaho people inhabited this region as far back as 10,000 years ago, leaving behind intricate rock art that offers a window into their ancient lives and beliefs. These Native American tribes knew the hot springs as 'Bah-gue-wana,' or 'smoking waters,' and recognized their healing properties.

The modern town of Thermopolis began to take shape in the 1880s, initially outside the boundaries of the Wind River Indian Reservation. Early entrepreneurs saw the potential for a resort, but securing land title was crucial. In 1896, a landmark agreement was reached with the Shoshone and Arapaho tribes, ceding a square mile of land encompassing the Big Spring to the federal government for $60,000. A key stipulation of this treaty was that a portion of the hot springs' water would forever remain free for public use, a promise still upheld today at Hot Springs State Park.

With the land secured, Thermopolis was officially founded in its current location in 1897. The town quickly grew, drawing not only those seeking the healing waters but also a more adventurous, and sometimes lawless, crowd. Figures like Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid were known to frequent the local saloons. The arrival of the railroad in 1910 further connected Thermopolis to the wider world, replacing the arduous stagecoach journeys that once traversed treacherous mountain passes. In the early 20th century, a medical community flourished around the hot springs, focusing on therapeutic treatments. Today, the Downtown Thermopolis Historic District, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983, preserves much of this colorful past.

Thermopolis offers a diverse array of attractions, blending natural wonders with historical and paleontological discoveries. The centerpiece is Hot Springs State Park, home to the 'Big Spring,' considered the world's largest mineral hot spring. Here, you can soak in the free State Bath House, where the water is maintained at 104 degrees Fahrenheit, or marvel at the Rainbow Terraces formed by mineral deposits. The park also hosts Wyoming's state bison herd, offering opportunities for wildlife viewing.

For a journey into prehistoric times, the Wyoming Dinosaur Center is a destination. This world-class museum displays over 50 mounted skeletons, including 'Jimbo,' a Supersaurus and one of the largest mounted dinosaurs ever, and 'Stan,' a 35-foot T-Rex. Uniquely, the museum also displays the 'Thermopolis Specimen' of Archaeopteryx, a rare feathered dinosaur fossil. You can even participate in a dig at their active excavation sites.

History enthusiasts will appreciate the Hot Springs County Historical Museum and Cultural Center, which houses exhibits on early settlers and the area's outlaw past, including a replica of the 'Hole-in-the-Wall' saloon. A short drive away, the Legend Rock Petroglyph Site presents an extraordinary collection of ancient rock art, some dating back 10,000 years. For outdoor enthusiasts, the Wind River Canyon Scenic Byway offers expansive views and the unique 'Wedding of the Waters' phenomenon. You can also enjoy whitewater rafting on the Bighorn River or explore Boysen State Park for fishing, boating, and camping.

Thermopolis is a fantastic year-round destination, with each season offering distinct advantages. For warm-weather activities like hiking, rafting, and exploring outdoor sites, late June to late August is ideal, with average daily highs around 88°F in July. Spring (April-May) and fall (September-October) bring milder temperatures, beautiful wildflowers, and colorful foliage, often with fewer crowds. Winter provides a cozy escape, perfect for soaking in the hot springs and enjoying the peaceful, often snowy, landscapes. The hot springs themselves are open year-round.

Thermopolis is easily accessible by car, with scenic drives from nearby cities like Casper and Cody. The nearest major airport is in Casper, about a two-hour drive away. Once in town, you'll find a variety of accommodations, including hotels, motels, bed and breakfasts, and campgrounds, though booking in advance is recommended during peak season. While Thermopolis is generally safe, it is always wise to be aware of your surroundings. For outdoor excursions, pack comfortable clothing, swimwear for the hot springs, hiking boots, sunscreen, and a hat. Layers are advisable for cooler months. Dining options range from casual cafes to family-friendly restaurants, offering local favorites and regional cuisine. Visitor resources, including maps and brochures, are available at the Thermopolis Chamber of Commerce.