Annapolis Royal

Annapolis Royal, a small town on the western end of Nova Scotia's Annapolis Valley, offers a journey through centuries of North American history. This evocative community, once known as Port Royal, holds the distinction of being one of the continent's oldest European settlements, predating Jamestown and Quebec City. Its strategic location at the confluence of the Annapolis River and Allains Creek has made it a focal point for Mi'kmaq, French, Scottish, and British interactions over thousands of years.

Today, Annapolis Royal is celebrated for its preserved heritage, earning it recognition as one of Canada's largest National Historic Districts with over 130 registered heritage properties. The town's allure extends beyond its historical significance, encompassing a thriving arts scene, distinctive shops, and a welcoming waterfront. Whether you're drawn to its pivotal role in colonial history or its serene natural beauty, Annapolis Royal promises an immersive experience where every street and vista tells a story.

In 2004, Annapolis Royal was even named the "World's Most Liveable Small Community" in an international competition sponsored by the United Nations Environment Program, a testament to its beautiful landscape and dedication to local heritage and environment.

A Cradle of Nations

The history of Annapolis Royal, originally known as Port Royal, stretches back thousands of years to its ancestral Mi'kmaq name, Nme'juaqnek, meaning "place of bountiful fish." This area was a traditional gathering and fishing ground for the Mi'kmaq people long before European arrival.

The European chapter began in 1605 when French colonists established Port Royal, making it one of the earliest permanent European settlements in North America. This settlement predates both the English settlement at Jamestown (1607) and the French settlement at Quebec City (1608). For a time, it served as the capital of Acadia, the French colony.

The strategic importance of Port Royal led to a tumultuous history of conflict between the French and British. The site changed hands numerous times, with control alternating between the two powers for over a century. In 1629, Scottish settlers, led by Sir William Alexander, built Charles Fort on the present-day Fort Anne site, though it was later acquired by the French. The visible star-shaped fortifications of Fort Anne, a Vauban-style design, largely date from the early 18th century, constructed by the French between 1702 and 1708.

Following the Siege of Port Royal in 1710, the British gained final control of the area and renamed the town Annapolis Royal in honor of Queen Anne. It then became the capital of Nova Scotia, serving as the center of British military and administrative operations until the provincial capital was moved to Halifax in 1749. Throughout the 17th and 18th centuries, Annapolis Royal was a focal point for evolving social, political, and military relationships among the Mi'kmaq, Acadians, French, and British.

In 1917, Fort Anne was recognized for its profound historical significance and became Canada's first National Historic Site. Today, the town continues to preserve its enduring past, with its streetscape designated a National Historic District, featuring a high concentration of heritage buildings, some of the oldest wooden frame structures in Canada.

Annapolis Royal offers a concentrated experience of history and natural beauty. Begin at Fort Anne National Historic Site, Canada's oldest National Historic Site. Explore the impressive star-shaped earthworks, stroll the perimeter trail with views of the Annapolis River, and visit the Officers' Quarters Museum to delve into the fort's long and often-contested past.

Adjacent to the fort are the Annapolis Royal Historic Gardens, an 17-acre horticultural paradise that interprets 400 years of local history through themed gardens. Discover the Acadian Garden, the innovative modern garden, and a rose collection featuring over 270 varieties. The gardens also feature an Elm Tree Cafe and a shop showcasing Nova Scotian artisans.

Take a walk along St. George Street, considered the oldest street in Canada, and explore the National Historic District. This area is lined with historic homes, distinctive shops, and galleries. The Waterfront Boardwalk provides scenic views of the Annapolis River.

For a unique evening experience, consider the award-winning Candlelight Graveyard Tour through Canada's oldest English graveyard, offered by the Historical Association of Annapolis Royal. The King's Theatre offers a variety of performances, from films to live music and plays.

While the Annapolis Royal Generating Station, North America's only tidal power plant, is currently not operational, it previously housed an interpretive center where visitors could learn about tidal energy.

Annapolis Royal is particularly appealing from late spring to early autumn (May to October). During these months, the Annapolis Royal Historic Gardens are in full bloom, showcasing their diverse collections. Many attractions, including the Fort Anne museum and the Candlelight Graveyard Tours, operate during this period. The Annapolis Royal Farmers and Traders Market is also active on Saturdays from May to October, with additional Wednesday hours in July and August. While the grounds of Fort Anne are accessible year-round, the full interpretive experience is best enjoyed when the museum is open.

Annapolis Royal is a welcoming town that is easily explored on foot. It's approximately a two-hour drive from Halifax and readily accessible from the Yarmouth and Digby ferries. Free all-day parking lots are available throughout the town.

The Annapolis Royal Historic Gardens serve as the location for the Visitors Information Centre. The town offers a range of accommodations, from cheerful inns and bed & breakfasts to campgrounds. Dining options include a selection of restaurants and cafes, many featuring local fare.

For those interested in outdoor activities, the Harvest Moon Trailway begins in Annapolis Royal, offering a 110-kilometer trail for walking and cycling, passing through orchards and picturesque towns. Boaters can utilize the town wharf, which features a gangway, floating dock, and guest moorings in the Annapolis Basin.