Bergheim

Bergheim, a fortified village along the Alsace Wine Route, invites a journey through time. Crowned "France's Favorite Village" in 2022, it stands as one of the few Alsatian towns to have largely preserved its medieval walls. Wander its paved paths and discover a kaleidoscope of half-timbered houses, many dating from the 1500s, adorned with bright flowers. The village provides an authentic experience, blending medieval architecture, natural splendor, and a deep-rooted winemaking tradition.

Surrounded by undulating vine-covered hills, Bergheim's strategic location along a Roman trade route between Strasbourg and Lyon contributed to its early settlement and the establishment of winegrowing by the 10th century. Its well-maintained 14th-century ramparts, complete with nine towers, encircle the village, offering sweeping views of the town and surrounding vineyards.

## From Roman Settlement to Fortified Stronghold Bergheim's origins trace back to Roman times, situated along a vital trade route connecting Strasbourg and Lyon. Evidence of Roman presence, including a mosaic unearthed in 1848, attests to early habitation. By the 8th century, the village was formally established, and winegrowing became an integral part of local life by the 10th century.

During the Middle Ages, Bergheim's ownership shifted among powerful families. In the 12th century, it belonged to the counts of Eguisheim-Dabo, later passing to the Dukes of Lorraine and then the Ribeaupierre dynasty. The village faced destruction in 1287 during the Ribeaupierre succession war and again in 1293 by King Adolf of Germany's army. Following reconstruction, Henri II of Ribeaupierre began fortifying Bergheim in 1310, and in 1312, it was granted city status by King Henri VII of Luxembourg, along with the notable right to grant asylum.

Bergheim's fortifications, including its 14th-century ramparts and ten towers, became some of the strongest in Alsace. These defenses proved crucial during numerous conflicts, helping the village withstand various wars between France and Germany. In 1375, Archduke Leopold II confirmed Bergheim's right to grant asylum and mint coins. The village became French in 1648 with the Treaty of Westphalia.

## A Darker Chapter: The Witch Trials The 16th and 17th centuries marked a somber period in Bergheim's history, as it became a significant site for witch trials in Alsace. Over forty women were condemned and burned, with twenty-two executions occurring in just five months during 1630. Today, this grim chapter is explored at the Maison des Sorcières (Witches' House), a museum that documents the trials and offers a sobering glimpse into this era.

## Modern Recognition and Preservation Despite the turbulent past, Bergheim has meticulously preserved its medieval character. It largely escaped major damage during both World Wars, allowing its ancient architecture to remain remarkably intact. In 2022, Bergheim was recognized as "France's Favorite Village" (Village Préféré des Français), a testament to its enduring charm and authenticity.

Begin your exploration at the Porte Haute (High Gate), the majestic 14th-century gateway that serves as the eastern entrance to the village. From here, stroll along the Promenade des Remparts, the well-preserved medieval walls spanning two kilometers and featuring nine towers, offering expansive views of the village and surrounding vineyards.

Within the village, wander through winding lanes lined with colorful half-timbered houses, some dating back to the 15th century. Visit the Place du Docteur Pierre Walter, the main square, where you will find the 18th-century Town Hall and a fountain bearing the town's coat of arms. The Église de l'Assomption, a Gothic-style church with roots in the 14th century, features stained-glass windows and intricate woodwork. Adjacent to the church is the Maison des Sorcières (Witches' House), a small museum detailing Bergheim's witch trials.

Discover the Old Jewish Synagogue, now a cultural center hosting exhibitions, which stands on the site of earlier synagogues and reflects the village's diverse heritage. Do not miss the Annette Garden, a medieval garden cultivating medicinal plants. For wine enthusiasts, Bergheim is known as the capital of Gewürztraminer, with opportunities to sample local wines at various wineries, such as Domaine Marcel Deiss. The surrounding vineyards and the Grasberg hill, a Natura 2000 classified area, offer excellent walking paths. A Roman mosaic, another testament to Bergheim's ancient past, can be seen during exhibitions in the synagogue.

The ideal time to visit Bergheim for warm-weather activities spans from mid-June to early September. During May, June, July, August, and September, the village experiences its most favorable weather, with temperatures typically ranging from 20°C to 26°C (68°F to 79°F). July is often the warmest month, with an average high of 25°C (77°F), and also tends to offer the clearest skies. While rainfall occurs during this period, the mild conditions are perfect for exploration. Visiting on weekdays and mornings can help avoid larger gatherings, offering a more genuine experience.

Bergheim is readily accessible by car, with convenient and free parking available near the Obertor or the ramparts at the village entrance. The village is approximately a 25-minute drive from Colmar, 45 minutes from Strasbourg, and 50 minutes from Mulhouse. While public transport options are limited, you can take a train to Sélestat and then a bus to Bergheim.

Exploring Bergheim's historic center is best done on foot. Comfortable walking shoes are recommended for navigating the paved paths and ramparts. Keep in mind that many shops and restaurants may close in the afternoon, especially outside of peak season, so plan your meals accordingly. The Bergheim Tourism Office, located in Place du Docteur Pierre Walter, can provide maps and additional visitor information.