Châteaudun

Châteaudun, a captivating town in northern France, stands proudly on a rocky promontory overlooking the Loir River. It is often considered the "first château of the Loire" for those approaching from Paris, offering a unique blend of medieval fortitude and Renaissance elegance. The town itself is divided into an upper section with historic medieval buildings and a lower part along the river, connected by picturesque paths and alleys.

Châteaudun possesses a deep architectural heritage, with many registered or listed sites and monuments. Beyond its impressive castle, visitors can wander through narrow, paved streets lined with old houses, some half-timbered, that survived the devastating fire of 1723. The town's strategic location at the crossroads of routes between Paris and Tours, and Orléans and Le Mans, contributed to its historical prosperity. Today, Châteaudun is recognized as one of France's "Remarkable Sites and Cities" and among the "100 Most Beautiful Detours in France."

This charming destination offers more than just historical intrigue; it provides a tranquil escape with scenic walks, local cuisine, and a lively cultural calendar. From exploring ancient fortifications to discovering unique underground dwellings, Châteaudun promises an immersive journey through French history and natural beauty.

## From Gallo-Roman Origins to Medieval Stronghold Châteaudun, originally known by its Latin name Castrodunum, dates back to the Gallo-Roman period and later became the capital of the County of Dunois in the Middle Ages. The town's name itself reflects its ancient roots, combining the Latin word for 'castle' with the Celtic 'dun' or 'dunum,' meaning 'hill' or 'promontory'. Its strategic position on a rocky spur above the Loir River made it an exceptional defensive location.

The origins of the Château de Châteaudun can be traced to the 10th century when Thibaut le Tricheur (Thibaut the Trickster), Count of Blois, built a fortress here. An imposing keep was added in the 12th century by his descendants, a circular tower over thirty meters high that remains one of the best-preserved of its kind in the world. In 1391, the Counties of Blois and Dunois were acquired by Louis d'Orléans, brother of King Charles VI.

## Jean de Dunois and the Renaissance Transformation Châteaudun's history is closely intertwined with Jean de Dunois, also known as the "Bastard of Orléans," who received the counties from his half-brother Charles of Orléans in 1439. Dunois was a celebrated companion-in-arms of Joan of Arc, playing a crucial role alongside her during the Hundred Years' War. He transformed the fortress into a more comfortable princely residence in the late 15th century, adding the Sainte-Chapelle and a wing that now bears his name. The castle's architecture showcases a fascinating blend of Medieval, Gothic, and Renaissance styles, with the Longueville wing, added in the 16th century, introducing elements directly inspired by the Italian Renaissance.

## Resilience and Restoration Châteaudun faced significant challenges throughout its history. A major fire in 1723 ravaged part of the town, though some 15th and 16th-century houses, including half-timbered ones, were spared. The castle itself provided shelter for fire victims, leading to its finery being stripped. During the French Revolution, the château was ransacked and used as barracks, and it suffered further mistreatment from the Prussians in 1870. The uniformity of some of the town's streets today is a result of reconstruction efforts after these fires. The French government acquired the château in 1935 and initiated a remarkable restoration, ensuring its preservation for future generations.

The undisputed highlight of Châteaudun is its majestic Château de Châteaudun, a blend of medieval and Renaissance architecture. Explore its 12th-century circular keep, one of the best-preserved of its kind, and the Gothic Sainte-Chapelle, which houses a collection of 15th-century statues. The castle also features a significant tapestry collection and a medieval garden with medicinal plants.

Beyond the castle walls, wander through the old town, particularly along Rue Saint-Lubin, to admire medieval houses, some half-timbered, that survived the 1723 fire. The Eglise de la Madeleine, a historic church with parts dating back to the 12th century, is also worth a visit. The Musée des Beaux-Arts et d'Histoire Naturelle offers diverse collections, including an extensive ornithology exhibit with over 2,500 birds, as well as paintings and archaeological artifacts.

For a unique underground experience, take a guided tour of the Foulon Caves, revealing the geological wealth beneath the town and their historical use as prehistoric dwellings and fire refuges. Enjoy a stroll along the Promenade du Mail, a footpath offering panoramic views of the Loir Valley, with a path leading down to the riverbanks. The town also features charming parks and gardens, including the Grands-Moulins Gardens by the Loir and a medieval garden next to the castle.

The most pleasant months to visit Châteaudun for outdoor activities are from late spring to early autumn, specifically mid-June to mid-September. During this period, temperatures are mild, and the gardens are in bloom, creating an ideal backdrop for sightseeing. July is often the clearest and hottest month, with an average high of 76°F (24°C) and around 8 hours of sunshine per day. The annual Foire aux Laines, a grand medieval festival, takes place in the historic district during the first weekend of July, offering a lively immersion into the past.

Châteaudun is accessible by car via routes like D55, N10, and D955, with parking available near the Château. For cyclists, Châteaudun is part of the "Loir à Vélo" cycling routes, and the castle is "Accueil Vélo" labeled, indicating cyclist-friendly services. The town is also served by the SNCF Paris Austerlitz-Châteaudun train line, with the station a 10-minute walk from the castle.

The Château de Châteaudun is generally open year-round, though some sections may close for maintenance in winter. From September 5th to April 30th, hours are typically 10 AM to 12:30 PM and 2 PM to 5:30 PM. From May 2nd to September 4th, hours extend from 10 AM to 1 PM and 2 PM to 6 PM. Last access is one hour before closing. The castle is closed on January 1st, May 1st, and December 25th. During periods of red alert for extreme heat, the castle's opening hours may be reduced to 8:30 AM to 1:00 PM.

Admission to the Château is €6 for adults, with a special rate of €5 for partners. Entry is free for those under 18, EU nationals aged 18-25, disabled individuals and their companions, job seekers, and Education Pass holders. Free admission is also available on Heritage Days (third weekend of September) and the first Sundays of each month from November to March. Allow approximately 1.5 hours for a castle visit.