Smithfield

Smithfield, Virginia, a town of approximately 8,500 residents, extends an inviting journey through American history, particularly for those captivated by colonial life, the Civil War, and the enduring legacy of its most celebrated product: ham. Situated along the Pagan River, just south of Jamestown and across the James River, Smithfield's origins trace back to 1634 with its initial colonization. The area, originally known to Native Americans as Warascoyak, meaning 'point of land,' was formally incorporated in 1752 by Arthur Smith IV, who subdivided his family farm into 72 lots to accommodate British merchants and ship captains.

Today, Smithfield preserves much of its historic allure, with a downtown district that features over 70 structures of considerable architectural importance, spanning Colonial, Federal, and Victorian periods. Beyond its architectural grace, the town serves as a focal point of cultural activity, presenting a lively arts scene, distinctive shops, and a variety of culinary experiences that frequently highlight its globally recognized ham. From exploring historical locations and museums to engaging in outdoor pursuits along the Pagan River, Smithfield beckons visitors to journey through time and savor the gentility of a bygone era.

Smithfield's identity is deeply interwoven with its ham, a tradition so significant that in 1926, the Virginia General Assembly enacted a statute legally defining 'Smithfield ham' as a product processed exclusively within the town limits. This legacy is honored throughout the town, from the world's oldest edible ham exhibited at the Isle of Wight County Museum to the playful 'Porcine Parade' of painted hog statues adorning the streets.

From Warascoyak to Ham Capital

The area now recognized as Smithfield was first settled in 1634, a land the Native Americans called Warascoyak, or 'point of land.' The Virginia colony officially established Warrosquyoake Shire that same year, though it was already referenced as 'Warascoyack County.' In 1637, it was renamed Isle of Wight County. The town of Smithfield itself was founded as a seaport in 1752 by Arthur Smith IV, who divided his family's land into 72 lots and four streets, with the intention of drawing British merchants and ship captains.

Smithfield's early economy was profoundly connected to the Pagan River, fostering trade and commerce. While the soil proved too sandy for extensive tobacco cultivation, farmers shifted to raising hogs, and by 1783, a flourishing ham enterprise had taken root. The town's reputation for its cured hams grew, leading to the formation of the Smithfield Packing Company, which would eventually evolve into Smithfield Foods, the world's largest pork processor. The importance of this culinary tradition was solidified in 1926 when the Virginia General Assembly legally defined 'Smithfield ham' as a product that must be processed within the town's corporate limits.

Smithfield also played a part in both the American Revolutionary War and the Civil War, largely due to its strategic proximity to the James River. Fort Huger, a Civil War-era fortification, stands as a testament to this period. A notable, though minor, engagement during the Civil War was the Battle of Smithfield in early 1864, which saw a decisive Confederate victory and the destruction of a Union gunboat. The town's dedication to preserving its past is evident in its Historic Preservation District, established in 1979, which safeguards over 70 architecturally significant structures dating from the Colonial to Victorian eras.

Begin your exploration at the Smithfield Visitor Center, which shares its space with the Arts Center @319, offering local art and information. A key stop is the Isle of Wight County Museum, home to the curious and renowned 'World's Oldest Edible Ham' and exhibits on local history, including the ham industry and the Civil War. Do not overlook the 1750 Isle of Wight Courthouse, a significant colonial landmark.

Embark on a self-guided walking tour of Historic Downtown Smithfield to admire the over 70 historic structures, showcasing architecture from Colonial to Victorian styles. Keep an eye out for the playful 'Porcine Parade'—life-sized painted hog statues distributed throughout the historic district. Journey a short distance to Historic St. Luke's Church & Museum, Virginia's oldest brick church and a symbol of religious freedom. For those who enjoy the outdoors, Windsor Castle Park provides scenic trails, a disc golf course, and opportunities for kayaking or paddleboarding on the Pagan River. You can also visit Fort Huger, a Civil War-era fortification with self-guided walking tours and views of the James River.

The most agreeable times to visit Smithfield for outdoor pursuits are from mid-May to early June and from late August to mid-October. During these periods, you will experience comfortable temperatures, reduced humidity, and clearer skies. October is particularly inviting, offering sunny days and the brilliant colors of peak fall foliage. While winters are generally mild, January is the coldest month, with average lows around 33°F. Summers, especially July and August, can be warm and humid with increased rainfall.

Smithfield is readily accessible by car, situated in the South Hampton Roads subregion of Virginia. The town provides complimentary parking and a free shuttle service during events like the Smithfield Arts Festival, with parking available at the former Littles Grocery lot (518 Main St) and the commuter lot at Route 10 and Main Street. The Smithfield Visitor Center, located at 319 Main Street, serves as an excellent initial stop for maps, information, and assistance, and can be reached by phone at 757-357-5182 or toll-free at 800-365-9339. Many attractions in the historic downtown are within walking distance, and self-guided walking tours are a popular choice. For dining, Smithfield offers a range of choices, from Southern cuisine to waterfront establishments.