Avigliana

Avigliana, a medieval town in Italy's Piedmont region, offers a captivating blend of history and natural beauty. It is situated at the mouth of the Susa Valley, approximately 25 kilometers west of Turin, serving as a gateway to the Cottian Alps.

The town is most recognized for its two glacial lakes, Lago Grande and Lago Piccolo, which form the heart of the Avigliana Lakes Natural Park. Beyond its scenic landscapes of lakes and wooded morainic hills, Avigliana presents a remarkably preserved medieval center. Here, ancient buildings, arcaded squares, and narrow, winding streets transport visitors back in time.

Avigliana is also a strategic point for accessing the imposing Sacra di San Michele, a 10th-century abbey situated dramatically on Mount Pirchiriano, clearly visible from the town itself.

## From Roman Crossroads to Savoy Stronghold Avigliana's strategic location at the entrance to the Susa Valley, a vital route between Turin and France, has shaped its long and eventful history. Its origins stretch back to prehistoric times, with a small settlement established as early as 595 B.C. The area also served as a Roman statio ad fines, a border post.

The earliest fortifications on Mount Pezzulano, where Avigliana Castle now stands in ruins, are attributed to the Lombard King Cleph in 574. The castle is first definitively mentioned in 924 under the margrave Arduin Glaber, and by the 11th century, it was a significant defensive stronghold. The House of Savoy acquired Piedmont in 1091, and Avigliana Castle became a favored residence for counts like Amadeus III, and the birthplace of his son, Humbert III. The castle's importance grew due to its position on a lucrative merchant route to France and Flanders, generating substantial tolls for the Savoy family.

However, this strategic value also made Avigliana a frequent target. Frederick Barbarossa destroyed the castle in the 12th century, though it was later rebuilt by Thomas I of Savoy. The 16th and 17th centuries saw repeated French attacks during the Italian Wars, culminating in Marshal Catinat's final demolition of the castle in 1691, reducing it to the ruins seen today. Despite these destructions, Avigliana's medieval heart, with its arcaded Piazza Conte Rosso and ancient houses, continues to evoke its past as a thriving medieval center.

Begin your exploration in Avigliana's medieval historic center, particularly around Piazza Conte Rosso. This picturesque square is framed by medieval arcades and 13th-century houses, some with intricate decorative elements. Here, you'll find the 14th-century Church of San Giovanni, which houses 16th-century paintings by Defendente Ferrari. Nearby, the deconsecrated Church of Santa Croce in Piazza Conte Rosso now serves as a venue for art exhibitions.

A short uphill walk from Piazza Conte Rosso leads to the evocative ruins of Avigliana Castle on Mount Pezzulano. Dating back to the 10th century, the castle was once a key stronghold for the Counts of Savoy and offers sweeping views of the town, the lakes, and the surrounding Susa Valley. Do not miss the Church of San Pietro, known for its 11th- to 16th-century frescoes.

Beyond the historic center, the Avigliana Lakes Natural Park is a compelling visit. The two glacial lakes, Lago Grande and Lago Piccolo, are surrounded by parkland and nature trails, perfect for hiking, cycling, birdwatching, or simply relaxing by the water. You can even rent a boat to explore Lago Grande. The Shrine of Our Lady of the Lakes, with its 16th-century altarpiece and 14th-century icon of Mary, is also located on the edge of one of the lakes.

Just 10 kilometers away, the Sacra di San Michele, a dramatic 10th-century abbey, stands on Mount Pirchiriano. This important religious complex offers expansive views and a fascinating history, with its unique Zodiac Door and 15th-century frescoes.

The ideal time to visit Avigliana is from late spring to early autumn (May to October). During these months, the weather is pleasant, perfect for outdoor activities like exploring the lakes, walking trails, and nearby alpine routes. Summer, particularly July and August, is popular for outdoor sports and day trips, with average high temperatures in July around 81°F (27°C). May and September offer comfortable weather with fewer crowds. While winters are cold, with January lows around 32°F (0°C), the region draws ski enthusiasts to the nearby Susa Valley.

Avigliana is easily accessible, located approximately 30 minutes from Turin by both car and train. The town has its own train station with regular services from Turin on the Turin–Susa and Turin–Bardonecchia lines. If driving, Avigliana is reachable via the A32 motorway, and parking is available near the historic center and the lakes.

For exploring the medieval town and castle, comfortable walking shoes are highly recommended, as you will encounter uphill stone streets and uneven terrain. The Avigliana Tourist Office provides information and guided tours of the old town, offered every Sunday from June to September. Several restaurants in Avigliana offer traditional Val di Susa cuisine, featuring local products.

Accommodation options include hotels near the old town or around the lakes, providing convenient access to attractions and walking paths. Avigliana is also recognized for its commitment to sustainability, holding labels like '5 Vele' from Lega Ambiente and Touring Club, and 'Bandiera Arancione'.