Tybee Island

Tybee Island, affectionately known as 'Savannah's Beach,' is a barrier island off the coast of Georgia, approximately 18 miles east of the historic city. This relaxed coastal community offers a calm counterpoint to Savannah's energetic charm, drawing visitors with its expansive sandy beaches, deep ecological diversity, and a past that stretches back centuries. The island's position at the mouth of the Savannah River has shaped its identity, from its earliest indigenous inhabitants to its strategic military importance and its evolution into a beloved seaside escape.

Beyond the sun-drenched shores and gentle Atlantic waves, Tybee Island presents a blend of natural beauty and storied past. It's a place where loggerhead sea turtles nest, migratory birds find refuge, and the rhythm of the tides dictates much of island life. Whether one seeks a tranquil retreat, an active outdoor adventure, or a journey through time, Tybee offers a distinctive coastal experience that feels both authentic and inviting, a testament to its enduring character as a working coast that balances tourism with local life.

The island's compact size and walkable nature, a legacy of its early development as a resort, make it easy to explore. From the iconic Tybee Island Light Station to the remnants of Fort Screven, history is woven into the landscape, offering glimpses into the diverse forces that have shaped this unique corner of Georgia.

From Indigenous Lands to Colonial Outpost

The history of Tybee Island stretches back thousands of years, with archaeological evidence suggesting indigenous peoples, primarily the Euchee (or Yuchi) tribe, inhabited the island for at least 4,500 years. The island's name itself, 'Tybee,' is believed to be derived from the Euchee word for 'salt,' a vital natural resource that played a significant role in their economy and culture. These early inhabitants utilized the island for hunting, fishing, and gathering shellfish, leaving behind shell rings as a testament to their presence.

European exploration began in the 16th century, with the Spanish laying claim to the island in 1520, naming it Los Bajos. The French also showed interest, particularly in the sassafras root, believed to be a miracle cure at the time, leading to naval skirmishes off Tybee's coast. For decades, privateers also frequented the island, using its remote location as a safe haven and a source of fresh water.

Strategic Importance and Military Engagements

In 1733, General James Oglethorpe established the Georgia colony, recognizing Tybee's strategic importance at the mouth of the Savannah River. In 1736, he ordered the construction of a lighthouse and a small fort to guard the river's entrance. The first Tybee Island Lighthouse, a 90-foot wooden structure, was the tallest in America at the time, though it was destroyed by a storm just five years later. The lighthouse was rebuilt multiple times, with the lower 60 feet of the current structure dating back to 1773.

Tybee played a significant role in several conflicts. During the Revolutionary War, it served as a staging area for French Admiral D'Estaing's ill-fated 1779 Siege of Savannah. The War of 1812 saw the lighthouse used as a signal tower, and a Martello Tower was constructed for defense. The Civil War brought further military action, with Confederate forces initially occupying the island before withdrawing to Fort Pulaski. Union forces then took control, establishing cannon batteries on Tybee that famously used newly developed rifled cannons to bombard Fort Pulaski, forever changing coastal defense strategies.

From Military Outpost to Seaside Resort

After the Civil War, Tybee began its transformation into a popular resort destination for Savannah residents seeking respite from the summer heat. Steamships and, later, the Central of Georgia Railroad in 1887, made the island easily accessible, leading to a boom in beach cottages and hotels. The Tybrisa Pavilion, constructed in 1891, became a hub for entertainment. Fort Screven, constructed in 1897, further solidified Tybee's military presence, serving as an integral part of America's coastal defense system until 1947.

The 1920s marked a 'golden era' for Tybee as a resort, with the completion of U.S. Route 80 connecting the island to the mainland. Despite a period of decline and negative perceptions in the mid-20th century, Tybee Island has maintained its unique character, balancing its working-coast identity with its appeal as a cherished vacation spot. Today, it remains a testament to its layered past, where military history, natural beauty, and a relaxed beach town atmosphere converge.

Tybee Island offers a diverse range of attractions, blending history with natural beauty. A visit to the Tybee Island Light Station and Museum is essential. Climb the 178 steps of Georgia's tallest and oldest lighthouse for expansive views of the island and ocean. The accompanying museum, housed in Battery Garland at Fort Screven, delves into the island's military and maritime past.

Explore the Fort Screven Historic District, where remnants of the late 19th and early 20th-century coastal defense system can still be seen, including gun batteries and support buildings. For a deeper dive into military history, the nearby Fort Pulaski National Monument on Cockspur Island is a short drive away and offers fascinating insights into Civil War-era fortifications and the impact of rifled cannons.

The island offers five miles of public beaches, including North Beach, South Beach, and Back River Beach, each offering a slightly different atmosphere for sunbathing, swimming, or spotting dolphins. The Tybee Pier and Pavilion on South Beach is a popular spot for fishing and people-watching. Nature enthusiasts will appreciate the Tybee Island Marine Science Center, which offers educational programs and exhibits on coastal ecology. For a more secluded natural experience, consider a boat trip to Little Tybee Island, an uninhabited nature preserve twice the size of Tybee, ideal for wildlife viewing and kayaking.

The most popular times to visit Tybee Island are during the spring (early April through late May) and summer months, when the weather is ideal for beach activities and the water is warm enough for swimming. Lifeguards also patrol the beaches during these seasons. For those seeking fewer crowds and cooler temperatures, the late spring and early fall (late September to early November) offer pleasant weather for outdoor activities and a more relaxed atmosphere. Fall is also a great time to engage with locals and enjoy colorful sunsets. While hurricane season runs from June to November, its peak is typically from late August through early November, which can impact travel plans. Winter sees Tybee become quieter, with some businesses closing, though it can be a good time for birding and a peaceful escape.

Tybee Island is easily accessible by car, located just 20 minutes from Savannah. You do not need a boat to get to the main island. The island is generally pet-friendly in many restaurants and shops, but dogs are not allowed on the beaches due to the presence of nesting sea turtles and migratory birds. Public restrooms are available at various beach access points. Parking can be found in metered spots and designated lots; it's advisable to arrive early during peak season. For emergency services, dial 911, or for non-emergencies, contact the Tybee Police at 912-786-5600. Special event permits for beach activities may be required, so it's best to check with the city for information. The island's walkable nature means many attractions are accessible on foot or by bicycle.